EU-wide mapping of ‘Protected Designations of Origin’ food products (PDOs) reveals correlations with social-ecological landscape values

Abstract The Geographical Indications (GIs) scheme is the EU’s primary policy tool for increasing market values of geographically distinct food products. Although GIs are linked to landscapes production, little known about social-ecological they represent, mainly due a lack spatial data. In this study, we, therefore, mapped all 638 products labeled as Protected Designations Origin (PDOs), using NUTS-3 areas proxies their actual extent, and correlated distribution with 13 indicators. By compiling novel dataset, we show that presence PDOs strongly overlaps environmental cultural values. We reveal positive correlations PDO frequency high nature value farmland, semi-natural agriculture, tourism, heritage Further, find occur more often in economically weaker older declining populations. Besides differences between northern southern EU countries, different correlation patterns across four largest categories. For example, cheese meat less compared oils fats, or fruit, vegetables cereals. On basis, identify potential support structurally deprived propose entry points sustainable transformation rural development policies—while simultaneously contributing conservation associated As outlined Green Deal European Union its Farm Fork strategy, should be part transformation. Based on results discuss specifically which production systems under what enabling conditions fit challenge. recommend future governance interventions agriculture take regions product categories into account.